Bundling data with the methods that operate on it.
Encapsulation is an OOP principle of hiding an object's internal state and exposing behavior through a controlled interface. It reduces coupling and protects invariants by preventing external code from putting an object into an invalid state.
A named container that stores a value in a program.
ClosureA function bundled with references to its surrounding scope.
FrameworkA reusable foundation that structures how you build software.
LoopA control structure that repeats a block of code.
PolymorphismThe ability for one interface to work with many types.
ClassA blueprint for creating objects in OOP.