A control structure that repeats a block of code.
A loop executes a set of statements repeatedly until a condition is met. Common forms include for, while, and do-while loops, as well as iteration over collections. Loops are essential for processing sequences and automating repetition.
A data type with two possible values: true or false.
FunctionA reusable, named block of code that performs a task.
ClosureA function bundled with references to its surrounding scope.
EncapsulationBundling data with the methods that operate on it.
PolymorphismThe ability for one interface to work with many types.
VariableA named container that stores a value in a program.