Subplots and Multi-Chart Layouts

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

np.random.seed(42)
months = ['Jan','Feb','Mar','Apr','May','Jun','Jul','Aug','Sep','Oct','Nov','Dec']
revenue = [42000,48000,52000,49000,58000,63000,61000,67000,71000,69000,75000,82000]
units = [120,135,148,142,163,178,170,188,195,192,205,225]
categories = ['Electronics','Furniture','Clothing','Books']
cat_rev = [285000, 142000, 198000, 67000]

fig, axes = plt.subplots(2, 2, figsize=(14, 10))

# Top-left: Line chart
axes[0,0].plot(months, revenue, 'o-', color='#1565C0', linewidth=2.5)
axes[0,0].fill_between(range(12), revenue, alpha=0.1, color='#1565C0')
axes[0,0].set_title('Monthly Revenue', fontweight='bold')
axes[0,0].yaxis.set_major_formatter(plt.FuncFormatter(lambda x, _: f'${x/1000:.0f}K'))
axes[0,0].set_xticks(range(12))
axes[0,0].set_xticklabels(months, rotation=30)

# Top-right: Bar chart
axes[0,1].bar(categories, cat_rev, color=['#1565C0','#2E7D32','#E65100','#6A1B9A'])
axes[0,1].set_title('Revenue by Category', fontweight='bold')
axes[0,1].yaxis.set_major_formatter(plt.FuncFormatter(lambda x, _: f'${x/1000:.0f}K'))

# Bottom-left: Scatter
axes[1,0].scatter(units, revenue, alpha=0.7, s=80, color='#E91E63')
axes[1,0].set_title('Units vs Revenue', fontweight='bold')
axes[1,0].set_xlabel('Units Sold')

# Bottom-right: Histogram
axes[1,1].hist(np.random.normal(75000, 15000, 500), bins=25, color='#009688')
axes[1,1].set_title('Salary Distribution', fontweight='bold')

for ax in axes.flatten():
    ax.spines['top'].set_visible(False)
    ax.spines['right'].set_visible(False)
    ax.grid(True, alpha=0.3)

plt.suptitle('Business Analytics Dashboard', fontsize=15, fontweight='bold', y=1.01)
plt.tight_layout()
plt.savefig('basic_dashboard.png', dpi=150, bbox_inches='tight')
plt.show()

import matplotlib.gridspec as gridspec

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(16, 10))
gs = gridspec.GridSpec(3, 3, figure=fig, hspace=0.4, wspace=0.35)

# Wide chart across top (2 columns)
ax_top = fig.add_subplot(gs[0, :])
ax_top.plot(months, revenue, 'o-', color='#1565C0', linewidth=2.5)
ax_top.fill_between(range(12), revenue, alpha=0.1, color='#1565C0')
ax_top.set_title('Revenue Trend (Full Width)', fontweight='bold', fontsize=13)
ax_top.set_xticks(range(12))
ax_top.set_xticklabels(months)
ax_top.yaxis.set_major_formatter(plt.FuncFormatter(lambda x, _: f'${x/1000:.0f}K'))

# Middle row: 3 KPI boxes
kpis = [('Total Revenue', '$756K', '#1565C0'), ('Units Sold', '1,861', '#2E7D32'), ('Avg Order', '$406', '#E65100')]
for i, (label, value, color) in enumerate(kpis):
    ax = fig.add_subplot(gs[1, i])
    ax.set_xlim(0, 1); ax.set_ylim(0, 1)
    ax.text(0.5, 0.6, value, ha='center', va='center', fontsize=24, fontweight='bold', color=color, transform=ax.transAxes)
    ax.text(0.5, 0.25, label, ha='center', va='center', fontsize=11, color='#666', transform=ax.transAxes)
    ax.axis('off')

# Bottom: Large bar + smaller pie
ax_bar = fig.add_subplot(gs[2, :2])
ax_bar.barh(categories, cat_rev, color=['#1565C0','#2E7D32','#E65100','#6A1B9A'])
ax_bar.set_title('Revenue by Category', fontweight='bold')

ax_pie = fig.add_subplot(gs[2, 2])
ax_pie.pie(cat_rev, labels=categories, autopct='%1.0f%%',
            colors=['#1565C0','#2E7D32','#E65100','#6A1B9A'],
            wedgeprops={'edgecolor': 'white'})
ax_pie.set_title('Category Share', fontweight='bold')

plt.suptitle('Executive Analytics Dashboard — Q4 2024', fontsize=14, fontweight='bold')
plt.savefig('gridspec_dashboard.png', dpi=150, bbox_inches='tight')
plt.show()